C Introduction

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What is C?

C is a general-purpose, procedural, high-level programming language used in the development of computer software and applications, system programming, games, and more.

• C language was developed by Dennis M. Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1972.
• It is a powerful and flexible language which was first developed for the programming of the UNIX operating System.
• C is one of the most widely used programming languages.

C programming language is known for its simplicity and efficiency. It is the best choice to start with programming as it gives you a foundational understanding of programming.

Why Learn C?

C programming language is one of the most popular programming language. It is a must learn for software engineering students. C is called the mother of all modern programming languages so learning C will help you to learn other languages easily like Java, C++, C#, Python, etc. C language is faster than other programming languages like Java and Python. It can handle low-level programming and we can compile the C code in a variety of computer platforms.

List of some key advantages of C language:

• Easy to learn.
• Versatile Language, which can be used in both applications and technologies.
• Mid-Level Programming Language.
• Structured Programming Language.

C Compiler

C compiler is a software that translates human-readable C language code into machine code or an intermediate code that can be executed by a computer’s central processing unit (CPU).

There are many C compilers available in the market, such as Turboc++, devc++, intelliji, etc

Features of C Language

There are some key features of C language that show the ability and power of C language:

• Simplicity and Efficiency: The simple syntax and structured approach make the C language easy to learn.

• Fast Speed: C is one of the fastest programming language because C is a static programming language, which is faster than dynamic languages like Java and Python. C is also a compiler-based which is the reason for faster code compilation and execution.

• Portable: C provides the feature that you write code once and run it anywhere on any computer. It shows the machine-independent nature of the C language.

• Memory Management: C provides lower level memory management using pointers and functions like realloc(), free(), etc.

• Pointers: C comes with pointers. Through pointers, we can directly access or interact with the memory. We can initialize a pointer as an array, variables, etc.

• Structured Language: C provides the features of structural programming that allows you to code into different parts using functions which can be stored as libraries for reusability.
  

Applications of C Language

C was used in programs that were used in making operating systems. C was known as a system development language because the code written in C runs as fast as the code written in assembly language.

The use of C is given below:

• Operating Systems
• Language Compilers
• Assemblers
• Text Editors
• Print Spoolers
• Network Drivers
• Modern Programs
• Databases
• Language Interpreters
• Utilities

Difference Between C and C++

C	C++
C is a procedural programming language.	C++ is both a procedural and object-oriented programming language.
It does not support Function overloading.	It supports function overloading.
Operator overloading is not supported.	Operator overloading is supported.
C does not support data hiding which leads to security concerns.	Data hiding is supported in C++ by Data Encapsulation.

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