C Syntax

 

Syntax

You have already seen the following code a couple of times in the first chapters. Let's break it down to understand it better:

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#inlcude <conio.h>
void main() {
clrscr();
printf("Hello World!");
getch();
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Example explained

Line 1: #include <stdio.h> is a header file library that lets us work with input and output functions, such as printf() (used in line 4). Header files add functionality to C programs.

Don't worry if you don't understand how #include <stdio.h> works. Just think of it as something that (almost) always appears in your program.(alert-success)

Line 2: A blank line. C ignores white space. But we use it to make the code more readable.

Line 3: Another thing that always appear in a C program is main(). This is called a function. Any code inside its curly brackets {} will be executed.

Line 4: clrscr() is a function that clears the screen. It is defined in the conio.h (console input/output) header file. This function is used to clear any existing content on the console screen, providing a clean slate for the program's output.

Note that: Every C statement ends with a semicolon ;

Remember: The compiler ignores white spaces. However, multiple lines makes the code more readable.(alert-success)

Line 5: printf() is a function used to output/print text to the screen. In our example, it will output "Hello World!".

Line 6: getch() is a function that waits for a character input from the user. It is also defined in the conio.h header file. This function is commonly used to pause the output screen until the user presses a key, allowing the user to see the program's output before the console window closes.

Line 7: Do not forget to add the closing curly bracket } to actually end the main function.

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